To find out fonts that the X server supports run the following command
xlsfonts -u -fn '-*' | less
The above should give you an unsorted list of XLFD (X Logical Font Description Conventions) names.
To find out the font path one simple way that should work on all distributions
find / -name fonts.dir
To find out all fonts that are aliases to other fonts
find / -name fonts.alias -exec cat {} \; | less
I am writing this for my reference as i tend to forget them :)